ni ("the extended house"), or from a cognate expression in a related Iroquoian language in earlier sources it is variously spelled "Kanosoni", "akwanoschioni", "Aquanuschioni", "Cannassoone", "Canossoone", "Ke-nunctioni", or "Konossioni".An alternative designation, Ganonsyoni, is occasionally encountered as well, from the Mohawk kanǫhsyǫ́ The spelling "Hotinnonsionni" is also attested from later in the nineteenth century. The name "Haudenosaunee" first appears in English in Lewis Henry Morgan's work (1851), where he writes it as Ho-dé-no-sau-nee. Haudenosaunee derives from two phonetically similar but etymologically distinct words in the Seneca language: Hodínöhšö:ni:h, meaning "those of the extended house", and Hodínöhsö:ni:h, meaning "house builders". A less common, older autonym for the confederation is Ongweh’onweh, meaning "original people". Some scholars of Native American history consider "Iroquois" a derogatory name adopted from the traditional enemies of the Haudenosaunee. While its exact etymology is debated, the term Iroquois is of colonial origin. Haudenosaunee ("People of the Longhouse") is the autonym by which the Six Nations refer to themselves. In 2010, more than 45,000 enrolled Six Nations people lived in Canada, and over 81,000 in the United States. Historically, however, they were competitors and enemies of the Iroquois Confederacy nations. They are considered Iroquoian in a larger cultural sense, all being descended from the Proto-Iroquoian people and language. Lawrence Iroquoians, Wendat (Huron), Erie, and Susquehannock, all independent peoples known to the European colonists, also spoke Iroquoian languages. Lawrence, and south on both sides of the Allegheny mountains into present-day Virginia and Kentucky and into the Ohio Valley. At its peak around 1700, Iroquois power extended from what is today New York State, north into present-day Ontario and Quebec along the lower Great Lakes– upper St. For nearly 200 years, the Six Nations/Haudenosaunee Confederacy were a powerful factor in North American colonial policy, with some scholars arguing for the concept of the Middle Ground, in that European powers were used by the Iroquois just as much as Europeans used them. The Confederacy likely came about between the years 1450 CE and 1660 CE as a result of the Great Law of Peace, said to have been composed by Deganawidah the Great Peacemaker, Hiawatha, and Jigonsaseh the Mother of Nations. After 1722, the Iroquoian-speaking Tuscarora from the southeast were accepted into the confederacy, which became known as the Six Nations. The English called them the "Five Nations", including (east to west) the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. They were known during the colonial years to the French as the "Iroquois League", and later as the "Iroquois Confederacy". The Iroquois ( / ˈ ɪr ə k w ɔɪ/ IRR-ə-kwoy or / ˈ ɪr ə k w ɑː/ IRR-ə-kwah), also known as the Five Nations or the Six Nations and by the endonym Haudenosaunee ( / ˌ h oʊ d ɪ n oʊ ˈ ʃ oʊ n i/ HOH-din-oh- SHOH-nee meaning "people who are building the longhouse"), are an Iroquoian-speaking confederacy of Native Americans and First Nations peoples in northeast North America and Upstate New York.
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